Environmental Impact of Households Sanitation Practices in Rural Uttar Pradesh
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31305/rrijm.2025.v10.n9.035Keywords:
Open Defecation Free (ODF), Rural Sanitation, River Ganga, Solid-Liquid Waste Management, Fecal Sludge, SBM-G, Namami Gange, Sustainability, Uttar PradeshAbstract
India announced that it was Open Defecation Free (ODF) under the Swachh Bharat Mission-Gramin (SBM-G) in 2019. This was a turning point for sanitation in rural areas. However, maintaining this progress is still a big issue, especially in rural regions next to sensitive environments like the River Ganga. This study looks at how household sanitation habits and facilities affect the health of the River Ganga. Urgent attention must be paid to decentralized greywater reuse systems, fecal sludge management, toilet retrofitting, and convergence with solid waste programs in order to strengthen post-ODF measures. The study promotes a "Total Sanitation Sustainability Framework" that incorporates community monitoring, behavior modification, and lifecycle infrastructure management specifically designed for rural riverine communities. These results have important ramifications for the Namami Gange project and other initiatives focusing on the connections between rivers and sanitation around the world. The objective of this paper is to investigate the sanitation habits and toilet accessibility of rural households in selected districts of Uttar Pradesh that are located on the banks of the Ganga River. It also looks at how the state's Ganga Basin's rural sanitation affects the ecosystem. The original data used in this paper was gathered from field surveys in Varanasi, Prayagraj, Meerut, and Kanpur Nagar in Uttar Pradesh. The results have shown that environmental health is at risk due to a lack of sanitation infrastructure and violations of sustainable sanitation among rural communities in the basin of Ganga River.
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