Assessment of Housing Conditions across the Municipalities of Alipurduar District, West Bengal

Abstract

This study examines housing conditions and basic infrastructural facilities across the municipalities of Alipurduar district, West Bengal, against the broader backdrop of rapid urbanization and socio-economic transformation in developing regions. Based on primary data collected through a structured household survey of 200 households (100 from each municipality), the research shows the variations in housing type, construction materials, sanitation, water supply, drainage, and accessibility. The findings reveal a significant transition toward permanent (pucca) housing, with widespread use of RCC roofing, cemented flooring, and plastered brick walls, indicating improved economic capacity and living standards. Sanitation and water supply conditions are particularly encouraging, with near-universal access to flush toilets and piped drinking water, reflecting successful implementation of public welfare schemes. Most households also have separate kitchens and maintain moderate occupancy levels, suggesting satisfactory residential conditions. However, the study identifies persistent infrastructural gaps, especially in drainage systems, where a notable proportion of households still depend on open drains, posing environmental and health risks. Road infrastructure is generally well-developed, with a majority of households connected by paved roads, though variations in road width indicate planning constraints in some areas. A comparative analysis shows that Alipurduar municipality consistently performs slightly better than Falakata across most indicators due to its administrative and economic prominence, while Falakata reflects ongoing but incomplete urban transition. Overall, the study highlights a positive trajectory of urban development characterized by improved housing and amenities, alongside residual disparities that require targeted policy intervention. It underscores the need for integrated and inclusive urban planning approaches to address infrastructural deficiencies and ensure equitable development, thereby enhancing the quality of life in emerging urban centers.